International Journal of Engineering, Science and Mathematics

(IJMRA Publications)-

Peer Reviewed Refereed Journal

 

During its whole life span, nearly all engineering structures ranging from residential building to power stations and bridges faces degradation or deteriorations. The main causes for those deteriorations are environmental effects including corrosion of steel, gradual loss of strength with ageing, variation in temperature, freeze-thaw cycles, repeated high intensity loading, contact with chemicals and saline water and exposer to Ultra-violet radiations. Addition to these environmental effects earthquakes is also a major cause of deterioration of any structure. This problem needs development of successful structural retrofit technologies. So it is very important to have a check upon the continuing performance of the civil engineering infrastructures. The structural retrofit problem has two options; repair/retrofit or demolition/reconstruction means complete replacement of an existing structure may not be a cost-effective