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  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>ijesm</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>International Journal of Engineering, Science and</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN>I</PISSN>
      <EISSN>S</EISSN>
      <Volume-Issue>volume 13,issue 9,</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>September 2024</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>2024</Year>
        <Month>08</Month>
        <Day>29</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>Engineering, Science and Mathematics</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>Computational Study on Enhancing Thermal-Hydraulic Performance of Al2O3 -H2O Nanofluid Flow in Square Ducts</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>1</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>10</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>DAVID SANTOSH CHRISTOPHER? MULUGETA</FirstName>
          <LastName>TADESSE??</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI/>
      <Abstract>This study presents a numerical investigation into the impact of triangular rough surfaceson the heat and fluid flow characteristics within a square duct. The investigation focuses onnanoparticle Al2O3 with a concentration of 4.0% and a diameter of 30 nm. The square duct with streamwise spacing (X/d sp) spans from 1.4 to 2.6, with Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 4000 to18,000. Simulations were conducted using ANSYS 13.0 (Fluent) to analyze the heat and fluidflow behavior of both smooth and rough tubes. The Renormalization k-epsilon model wasutilized to evaluate the influence of protrusions on turbulent flow and velocity fields.</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>Triangular rib; Square duct; Nanoparticle Al2O3; Thermohydraulic;</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://ijesm.co.in/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=15349&amp;title=Computational Study on Enhancing Thermal-Hydraulic Performance of Al2O3 -H2O Nanofluid Flow in Square Ducts</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
        <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
        <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
        <References/>
      </References>
    </Journal>
  </Article>
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