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  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>ijesm</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>International Journal of Engineering, Science and</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN>I</PISSN>
      <EISSN>S</EISSN>
      <Volume-Issue>Volume 7, Issue 9</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>September 2018</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>-0001</Year>
        <Month>11</Month>
        <Day>30</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>Engineering, Science and Mathematics</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>Modeling and Simulation of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Temperature Controller for an Electric Kettle</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>15</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>20</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>J. S.</FirstName>
          <LastName>Madugu</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI/>
      <Abstract>Proportional-Derivative-Integral control has been a dominant strategy used in industry to control temperature and other processes. However, their use in simple appliances such as electric kettle has not been widespread. With the increasing concern for energy and convenience, attention is being focused on how to develop simple and cost efficient controllers that will reduce energy waste. In this study, a mathematical model of an electric kettle is developed using the lumped parameter model. The characteristics transfer function of the system was obtained using the open-response characteristics. A PID controller was then designed for the process while MATLAB Simulink model was developed. The model was then simulated. The results show increase in overshoot from 5%?12.5%, rise time 230?300 seconds, settling time 720?750 seconds and zero steady-state error between 50 oC?80 oC.</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>PID Controller; Open-loop; Closed-loop; Temperature Response;</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://ijesm.co.in/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=5720&amp;title=Modeling and Simulation of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Temperature Controller for an Electric Kettle</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
        <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
        <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
        <References/>
      </References>
    </Journal>
  </Article>
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